Telecast Medias
and Its Libraries
Until recent time, “media” was clearly defined and
consisted of eight media industries: books, newspapers, magazines, recordings,
radio, movies, television and the Internet. With the explosion of digital
communication technology in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the
question of what forms of media should be classified as “Media" has become
more prominent now.
It refers
collectively to all media technologies that are intended to reach a large
audience via mass communication. Broadcast media (also known
as electronic media) transmit their information electronically and compris of
technologies like television, film and radio, movies, CDs, DVDs
and some other devices like cameras and video consoles. Alternatively, print
media use a physical object as a means of sending their information, such as a newspaper,
magazines, brochures, newsletters, books, leaflets and pamphlets. The term also
refers to the organizations which control these technologies, such as
television stations or publishing companies. Internet
media is able to achieve mass media status in its own right, due to the many
mass media services it provides, such as e-mail, websites, blogs, Internet and
television. For this reason, many mass media outlets have a presence on the
web, by such things as having TV ads which link to a website, or having games
in their sites to entice gamers to visit their website. In this way, they can
utilise the easy accessibility that the Internet has, and the outreach that
Internet affords, as information can easily be broadcast to many different
regions of the world simultaneously and cost-efficiently. Outdoor media is a
form of mass media which comprises bill boards, signs, placards placed inside
and outside of commercial buildings and /objects like shops amd buses, flying
billboards (signs in tow of airplanes), blimps, and skywriting. Public speaking
and event organising can also be considered as forms of mass media.
The history of mass media can be traced back to the days
when dramas were performed in various ancient cultures. This was the first time
when a form of media was "broadcast" to a wider audience. The first
dated printed book known is the "Diamond Sutra", printed in China in
868 AD, although it is clear that books were printed earlier. Movable clay
type was invented in 1041 in China. However, due to the slow spread of literacy
to the masses in China, and the relatively high cost of paper there, the
earliest printed mass-medium was probably European popular prints from about 1400.The term "mass
media" was coined with the creation of print media, which is notable for
being the first example of mass media, as we use the term today.
Telecast
Cable programs
are often telecast simultaneously with radio and television programs, but have
a more limited audience. By coding signals and having a cable converter box in homes, cable also enables subscription-based
channels and pay-per-view services.
A telecasting organisation may broadcast several programmes at
the same time, through several channels (frequencies),
for exampleBBC One and Two. On
the other hand, two or more organisations may share a channel and each use it
during a fixed part of the day.Digital radio and digital television may also transmit multiplexed programming, with several channels compressed into one ensemble.
When broadcasting is done via the Internet the term webcasting is often used. In 2004 a new
phenomenon occurred when a number of technologies combined to produce podcasting.
Podcasting is an asynchronous broadcast/narrowcast medium, with one of the main
proponents being Adam Curry and his associates the Podshow.
Telecast Media library
The term media library is considerably used same as an ordinary library.The
main feature are the collection and storage medium are different than from a
standard library.It mainly depict in a visual or a broadcasting channel. The electronic media libraries with their holdings of different
Audio Visual (AV) materials have been playing a vital role in dissemination
different useful information to the society. The information from different
disciplines are collected, recorded and stored in the libraries for the purpose
of telecasting with the help of satellite service throughout the world within
seconds.
The electronic media libraries do not
follow the traditional acquisition system of libraries. The libraries acquire
blank tapes directly from the authority. The tapes are procured monthly as per
the library requirement from the companies such as Sony, Panasonic, and Fuji etc.
by the office, where library needs to verify the number of tapes. After procuring, the tapes are provided
serial numbers that is basically treated as “Accession number”. The tapes are
pasted with two labels, one for the tape number and another for future use. The
cover page of
the tape has a label pasted having information pertaining
to tape’s duration (in minutes), company name, etc. Additional information such
as Accession number, programme name, number of episodes, etc. can
also be recorded in the same label. The library also
receives tapes from the outside producers and advertising agencies. These tapes
are no recorded in the library collection and being returned to the producer
and advertising agency after the use. However, some inventory are maintained
for future use for these tapes.
In the TV channel libraries all most in Kerala materials are
classified according to their content. Program tapes are kept in program shelf
in alphabetical order separated by source and edited tapes. News tapes
and DVDs are kept in news shelf in chronological order.
Tapes of archival values and stock shots are kept in archival shelf. The song,
cinema, and advertisement tape gets separate shelf. General source tapes are
kept in source shelf followed by the tape number. This system helps the entire
library staff for easy and speed retrieval of materials.The library gets
problem in classifying the multi-subject material as a single tape, CD and DVD
can store multiple programs together such as interviews on different subjects,
songs based on program, currentaffairs and sports. The library receiving
several materials in a day causes serious problem in arrangement.
Mostly, media libraries in Guwahati are closed accessed
library and do not follow defined cataloguing format scuh as AACR-II or
bibliographic format such as MARC-21 for rendering the information in library
system. Although the libraries does not prepare any catalogue card and keep
them separately, but they keep one piece of paper having some general
information inside the cover of the tape named as Doop sheet or Log sheet.
The general
concept of circulation cannot be applied in electronic media libraries. The
materials of electronic media library are not issued for personal use. The
materials have to use for some activities like editing News Bulletin or program
which are mainly related to the organization and most importantly the issue
materials are not allowed to take beyond the organization area. Therefore, like
the other (acquisition, classification) the circulation system of the
electronic media libraries is also differs from the circulation system of the
general libraries. There are many record registers maintained for transaction
or circulation of the materials. The records are maintained both manually as well
as in computer. Some of the registers that are maintained by the electronic
media (specially the private satellite channel) libraries for circulation of
the materials are as follows
In
traditional library, the arrangements of library resources are made according
to the class number and accession number of the material, but, in the media
libraries in all over Kerala, the librarians provide class number and accession
number according to the suitability of their system. Therefore, the
arrangements of the library materials are made accordingly. In satellite
channel libraries, the materials are arranged according to their content.
Program tapes are kept in program shelf in alphabetical order separated by
source and edited tapes. The tapes are kept upright in the wooden racks,
drawers & glass stacks in most of channels in Glass Stacks. The
arrangements of the materials are made making tag (having accession number)
visible.
It is a broad field of study, but
essentially is the process of managing data as a resource that is valuable to
an organization. One of the largest organizations that deal with data
management, DAMA (Data Management Association), states that data management is
the process of developing data architectures, practices and then expecting
these aspects on a regular basis. There are many topics within data management;
some of the more popular topics include data modelling, data warehousing, data
movement, database administration and data mining.
Origin and Development of the
Telecast Media
Since past
few years digital information sources like cyber informatics, e-books, and
e-data bases have increased considerably. The traditional library systems are
transforming itself into hybrid information systems having a mix of digital and
traditional paper resources. In the present scenario because of hi-tech
developments in science and technology and information technology the form of
information sources and services is witnessing a drastic change. Digital
library and services through electronic media are the prestigious issues of
modern library concept. The user community has become more familiar with the
medium over time and has started to actively bid for alternative forms of
access. Technology improvement in the communication network paired with the
decreasing cost of hardware, create greater incentives for innovation.
“Visual
media” is also sometimes referred to as the "mainstream media" in
fact, due to the tendency of media choosing to choose prominent, yet trivial,
stories, which will be of interest to a general audience, whilst ignoring
controversial or intellectually stimulating news. This trend is attributed to
the fact that media, though used to provide a service to the public to keep
them updated, is essentially a business and will naturally do what it must to
sell their television or newspapers etc. Visual media has become one of the
main sources of news, information and entertainment for the general public, and
over the past century, “mass media” has become a globally huge industry.
In its early stages of development, television employed a combination of optical, mechanical
and electronic technologies to capture, transmit and
display a visual image. By the late 1920s, however, those employing only
optical and electronic technologies were being explored. All modern television
systems relied on the latter, although the knowledge gained from the work on electromechanical
systems was crucial in the development of fully electronic television.
The first images transmitted electrically were sent by early mechanical fax machines, including the pantelegraph,
developed in the late nineteenth century. The concept of electrically powered
transmission of television images in motion was first sketched in 1878 as the telephonoscope,
shortly after the invention of the telephone. At the time, it was imagined by
early science fiction authors, that someday that light could be transmitted
over copper wires, as sounds were.
The idea of using scanning to transmit images was put to actual
practical use in 1881 in the pantelegraph, through the use of a pendulum-based
scanning mechanism. From this period forward, scanning in one form or another
has been used in nearly every image transmission technology to date, including
television. This is the concept of "rasterization",
the process of converting a visual image into a stream of electrical pulses.
In 1884 Paul Gottlieb Nipkow, a 23-year-old university
student in Germany, patented the first electromechanical television system
which employed a scanning disk,
a spinning disk with a series of holes spiraling toward the center, for
rasterization. The holes were spaced at equalangular intervals such that in a single
rotation the disk would allow light to pass through each hole and onto a
light-sensitive selenium sensor which produced the electrical
pulses. As an image was focused on the rotating disk, each hole captured a
horizontal "slice" of the whole image.
Nipkow's design would not be practical until advances in amplifier tube technology became available. The device
was only useful for transmitting still "halftone"
images—represented by equally spaced dots of varying size—over telegraph or telephone lines.
Later designs would use a rotating mirror-drum scanner to capture the image and
a cathode ray tube (CRT) as a display device, but moving
images were still not possible, due to the poor sensitivity of the selenium sensors. In 1907 Russian scientistBoris Rosing became the first inventor to use a CRT
in the receiver of an experimental television system. He used mirror-drum
scanning to transmit simple geometric shapes to the CRT. Using a Nipkow disk,
Scottish inventor John Logie Baird succeeded in demonstrating the
transmission of moving silhouette images in London in 1925,[3] and of moving, monochromatic images in 1926. Baird's scanning disk
produced an image of 30 lines resolution, just enough to discern a human face,
from a double spiral of lenses.
This demonstration by Baird is generally agreed to be the world's first true
demonstration of television, albeit a mechanical form of television no longer
in use. Remarkably, in 1927 Baird also invented the world's first video recording system, "Phonovision":
by modulating the output signal of his TV camera down to the audio range, he was able
to capture the signal on a 10-inch wax audio disc using conventional audio
recording technology. A handful of Baird's 'Phonovision' recordings survive and
these were finally decoded and rendered into viewable images in the 1990s using
modern digital signal-processing technology.
In 1926, Hungarian
engineer Kalman Tihanyi designed a television system utilizing
fully electronic scanning and display elements, and employing the principle of
"charge storage" within the scanning (or "camera") tube.
By 1927, Russian inventor Léon Theremin developed a mirror-drum-based
television system which usedinterlacing to
achieve an image resolution of 100 lines. Also in 1927, Herbert E. Ives of Bell Labs transmitted moving images from a
50-aperture disk producing 16 frames per minute over a cable from Washington,
DC to New York City, and via radio from Whippany, New Jersey. Ives used viewing screens
as large as 24 by 30 inches (60 by 75 cm). His subjects included Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover.In
1927, Philo Farnsworth made the world's first working
television system with electronic scanning of both the pickup and display
devices,[11] which he first demonstrated to the
press on 1 September 1928.
WRGB claims to be the world's
oldest television station,
tracing its roots to an experimental station founded on January 13, 1928,
broadcasting from the General
Electric factory in Schenectady, NY, under the call
letters W2XB. It was popularly
known as "WGY Television" after its sister radio station. Later in
1928, General Electric started a second facility, this one in
New York City, which had the call lettersW2XBS, and which today is known as WNBC. The two stations were
experimental in nature and had no regular programming, as receivers were
operated by engineers within the company. The image of a Felix the Cat doll, rotating on a turntable, was
broadcast for 2 hours every day for several years, as new technology was being
tested by the engineers.In 1936 the Olympic Games in Berlin were carried by cable to
television stations in Berlin and Leipzig where the public could view the games
live.
In 1936s the German firm of Fernseh A.G. and the United States firm Farnsworth
Television owned by Philo Farnsworth signed an agreement to exchange their
television patents and technology to speed development of television
transmitters and stations in their respective countries. On 2 November 1936 the BBC began transmitting the world's first
public regular high-definition service from the Victorian Alexandra Palace in north London. It therefore claims
to be the birthplace of television broadcasting as we know it today.In 1936, Kálmán Tihanyi described the principle of plasma display,
the first flat panel display system.
Mexican inventor Guillermo González Camarena also played an important role in early
television. His experiments with television (known as telectroescopía at first)
began in 1931 and led to a patent for the "trichromatic field sequential
system" color television in 1940, as well as the remote
control.
Although television became more familiar in the United States with the
general public at the 1939 World's Fair, the outbreak of World War II prevented it from being manufactured
on a large scale until after the end of the war. True regular commercial television networkprogramming did not begin in
the U.S. until 1948. During that year, legendary conductor Arturo Toscanini made his first of ten TV appearances
conducting the NBC Symphony Orchestra, and Texaco Star Theater, starring comedian Milton Berle,
became television's first gigantic hit show.
Amateur television (ham TV or ATV)
was developed for non-commercial experimentation, pleasure and public
service events by amateur radio operators. Ham TV stations were on the
air in many cities before commercial TV stations came on the air.
Technological Impact
The word “Television” stands for a telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving
images that can be either monochrome (black-and-white)
or colored, with or without accompanying sound.
Commercially available since the late 1920s, the television set has become
commonplace in homes, businesses and institutions, particularly as a vehicle
for advertising,
a source of entertainment, and news. Since the 1970s the
availability of video cassettes, laser discs,DVDs and now Blu-ray Discs,
have resulted in the television set frequently being used for viewing recorded
as well as broadcast material. In recent years Internet television has seen the rise of television
available via the Internet,
e.g. iPlayer and Hulu.
Although other forms such as closed-circuit television (CCTV) are in use, the most common
usage of the medium is for broadcast television, which was modelled on the
existing radio broadcasting systems developed in the 1920s, and
uses high-powered radio-frequency transmitters to broadcast the television signal to individual TV
receivers.
The broadcast television system is typically disseminated via radio transmissions on designated channels
in the 54–890 MHz frequency band. Signals are now often transmitted with stereo or surround sound in many countries. Until the 2000s
broadcast TV programs were generally transmitted as an analog television signal, but in 2008 the USA went
almost exclusively digital.
A standard television set comprises multiple internal electronic circuits, including those for receiving and
decoding broadcast signals. A visual display device which lacks a tuner is
properly called a video monitor,
rather than a television. A television system may use different technical
standards such as digital television (DTV) and high-definition television (HDTV). Television systems
Television in India
Indian public service broadcaster, a division of Prasar Bharati.
It is one of the largest broadcasting organizations in India in terms of the
infrastructure of studios and transmitters.
Recently, it has also started Digital Terrestrial Transmitters. On September
15, 2009, Doordarshan celebrated its 50th anniversary. The DD provides
television, radio, online and mobile services throughout metropolitan and
regional India, as well as overseas through the Indian Network and Radio India.
Doordarshan had a modest beginning with the
experimental telecast starting in Delhi on 15 September 1959 with a small
transmitter and a makeshift studio. The regular daily transmission started in
1965 as a part of All India Radio.
The television service was extended to Bombay (now Mumbai) and Amritsar in 1972. Up until 1975, only seven
Indian cities had a television service and Doordarshan remained the sole
provider of television in India. Television services were separated from radio
in April 1 1976[1].
Each office of All India Radio and Doordarshan were placed under the management
of two separate Director Generals in New Delhi. Finally, in 1982, Doordarshan
as a National Broadcaster came into existence.
Development of Television
Television came to India on September 15,
1959 with experimental transmission from Delhi. It was a modest beginning with
a makeshift studio and low power transmitter. The objective was to find out
what it can achieve in community development and formal education. The funding
of $20,000 and equipment was offered by United States. One hundred and eighty
teleclubs were set up within the range of 40 Kilometers of transmitter. Every
club was provided with a television set by UNESCO. All India Radio provided the
engineering and the programme professionals.The Akashvani Auditorium was
converted into the studio from where the regular programmes of Indian TV were
put on the air although the first experimental programmes were telecast from a
makeshift studio in Akashvani Bhavan.The service itself was also known as a
Pilot project, aided by UNESCO, because the programmes, put out on mere two
days a week, was intended to be experimental in nature to test the efficacy of
television medium in carrying relevant and useful messages of social education
to the power section of society.In 1961 television programmes for teachers were
started. A daily one hour service with a news bulletin was started in 1965
including entertainment programmes. In 1967 rural programmes and Krishi Darshan
were started for farmers in 80 village teleclubs in Delhi and Haryana.
Television is one of the major mass media in India. It is a huge
industry which has thousands of programmes in many languages. The small screen
has produced numerous celebrities, some even attaining national fame. TV soaps
are extremely popular with housewives as well as working women. Approximately
half of all Indian households own a television. As of 2010, the country has a
collection of free and subscription services over a variety of distribution
media, through which there are over 515 channels of which 150 are pay channels.
According to Pioneer Investcorp, the Indian cable industry is worth 
270
billion (US$5.39 billion) and is the third largest in the world
after television in the People's Republic
of China and television in the United States. The
number of TV homes in India grew from 120 million in 2007 to 148 million in
2011. Cable reaches 94 million homes with 88 million analogue connections and 6
million digital ones, while DTH has commanded 41 million subscribers.
270
billion (US$5.39 billion) and is the third largest in the world
after television in the People's Republic
of China and television in the United States. The
number of TV homes in India grew from 120 million in 2007 to 148 million in
2011. Cable reaches 94 million homes with 88 million analogue connections and 6
million digital ones, while DTH has commanded 41 million subscribers.
Terrestrial television in India started with the experimental telecast
starting in Delhi on 15 September 1959 with a small transmitter
and a makeshift studio. The regular daily transmission started in 1965 as a
part of All India Radio.
The television service was extended to Bombay (now Mumbai) and Amritsar in 1972. Up until 1975, only seven
Indian cities had a television service and Doordarshan remained the sole
provider of television in India. Television services were separated from radio
in 1976. National telecasts were introduced in 1982. In the same year, colour
TV was introduced in the Indian market. Indian small screen programming started
off in the early 1980s. At that time there was only one national channel Doordarshan,
which was government owned. The Ramayana and Mahabharata (both Indian mythological stories)
were the first major television series produced. This serial notched up the
world record in viewership numbers for a single program. By the late 1980s more
and more people started to own television sets. Though there was a single
channel, television programming had reached saturation. Hence the government opened
up another channel which had part national programming and part regional. This
channel was known as DD 2 later DD Metro. Both channels were broadcast
terrestrially.
Nation wide transmission
National telecasts were introduced in 1982.
In the same year, colour TV was introduced in the Indian market with the live
telecast of the Independence Day speech by then prime minister Indira Gandhi on 15 August 1982, followed by the
1982 Asian Games which were held in Delhi. Now more
than 90 percent of the Indian population can receive Doordarshan (DD National)
programmes through a network of nearly 1,400 terrestrial transmitters. There
are about 46 Doordarshan studios producing TV programmes today
The Regional Languages Satellite channels have two components – The
Regional service for the particular state relayed by all terrestrial
transmitters in the state and additional programmes in the Regional Language in
prime time and non-prime time available only through cable operators. DD-Sports
Channel is exclusively devoted to the broadcasting of sporting events of
national and international importance. This is the only Sports Channels which
telecasts rural sports like Kho-Kho, Kabbadi etc..
Network
The central government launched a series of economic and social reforms in
1991 under Prime Minister Narasimha Rao.
Under the new policies the government allowed private and foreign broadcasters
to engage in limited operations in India. This process has been pursued
consistently by all subsequent federal administrations. Foreign channels like
CNN, Star TV and domestic channels such as Zee TV and Sun TV started satellite
broadcasts. Starting with 41 sets in 1962 and one channel, by 1985 TV in India
covered more than 70 million homes giving a viewing population of more than 400
million individuals through more than 100 channels.
There are at least five basic types of television in India: broadcast, or "over-the-air"
television, unencrypted satellite or "free-to-air", Direct Broadcast Satellite, cable television,
and IPTV (internet protocol television).
Over-the-air and free-to-air
TV is free with no monthly payments while Cable, Direct Broadcast Satellite,
and IPTV require a monthly payment that varies depending on how many channels a
subscriber chooses to pay for. Channels are usually sold in groups, rather than
singly.
Satellite television
As of 2010, over 500 TV
Satellite television channels are broadcast in India. This includes channels
from the state-owned Doordarshan,News
Corporation owned STARTV, Sony owned Sony Entertainment Television, Zee TV, Sun Network and Asianet.MTV,Channel
V,Direct To Home service is provided by Airtel
Digital Tv, BIG TV owned by Reliance, DD Direct Plus, DishTV, Sun Direct DTH, Tata Sky and Videocon D2H. DishTV was the first
one to come up in Indian Market, others came only years later.
Important
Telecast channel functionning in India
The drastic changes
of technology in the visual media,there have apply in a manner consistent with
so many broadcsting media in the world distinctly greater extent in India.In
India the new policy from Prasar Bharathy they determine NOC to the various
oraganisations.The prime moto of almost every television channels are to get
commintment for the society and people.The main factor point out that the
advertisement field controlled by televeison industry that goes to an economic
disequilibrium in a constant level.
Doordarshan
Doordarshan is an Indian public service broadcaster, a division of Prasar Bharati.
It is one of the largest broadcasting organizations in India in terms of the
infrastructure of studios and transmitters.
Recently, it has also started Digital Terrestrial Transmitters. On September
15, 2009, Doordarshan celebrated its 50th anniversary. The DD provides
television, radio, online and mobile services throughout metropolitan and
regional India, as well as overseas through the Indian Network and Radio
India.The Doordarshan was the first satellite channel in india and started in
the year 1959 in the perion of Jawaharlal Nehru.The other channels are DD
News,DD Sports and DD National ect.
Cable News
Network-Indian Broadcasting Network (CNN-IBN)
Cable News Network-Indian
Broadcasting Network (CNN-IBN) is an English-language Indian television news channel.
The network is a partnership between Global Broadcast
News (GBN) and Turner
International (Turner) in
India .The Indian company GBN runs the channel completely but uses the CNN
brand name, in return gave 26% stake to Time Warner.
Aaj Tak
Aaj Tak is a 24-hour Hindi news television channel owned by TV Today Network Ltd..Watched by some 45 million
viewers in India’s cable and satellite universe, Aaj Tak is one of India’s
largest privately owned news channels. Aaj Tak was free-to-air channel till
2006 in India, while it offered as a pay channel in the overseas market. In the
United States.Started in December 31,1999,Owned by India Today
Today,broadcasting from Noida,Uttar Pradesh,India.
Times Now
Times Now is a 24-hour English news channel based in Mumbai and broadcasted in India, Singapore
and USA.The cahnnel located at Mumbai and started in the year 2006.
NDTV
NDTV 24x7 is an Indian English language television network that carries news and current affairs
in India, it is owned by New
Delhi Television Ltd. NDTV 24x7 is also available outside of India,
broadcasting in the UK on the Sky and Virgin Media platforms, in the USA on
the Dish Network platform, in Canada available via a partnership with Asian Television Network, in Australia on the Vision Asia platform, and in Singapore on the mio TV platform. Launched in 2003 HQ located
at New Delhi.
Asianet
Asianet is an Indian general entertainment channel broadcasting in the south Indian language
of Malayalam which is widely spoken in the Indian
state of Kerala, some regions
of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and among Malayalee expatriates in the Middle East region. In terms of viewership,
Asianet is often regarded as the most popular Malayalam-language television
channel.Based in Thiruvananthapuram .Asianet was the first privately owned
television channel in Malayalam and the second to broadcast in the language and
started in 1993.
Surya TV
Surya TV is a Malayalam television channel in India. Established in 1998
October 7, Surya TV is the first digital channel in India and now the channel
is telecasted in MPEG4 format. The channel is part of Sun Network and telecasts entertainment and movie
based programs.
Kairali TV
Kairali Channel is
one of the leading regional channel in malayalam,started on Auguest
16,2000,Head quarters at Thiruvananthapuram,Kerala and the main feature of this
channel that owned by two lakhs fifty thousand share holders.Malayalam actor Padmasree
Mammootty is the Chairman of this televison Channel.
India Vision
Indiavision is an Indian news channel in Malayalam language based at Kochi, Kerala state. Founded in 2003, it was the first exclusive news
channel in Malayalam. It has its registered office at Edappally in Kochi and its telecasting studio is
located at Padivattom, Kochi
Amrita TV
Amrita TV, launched
in 2005, as a 24-hour Malayalam, general entertainment & news satellite
channel with a global footprint, has been honoured with 54 State Awards for
Excellence in Television—the only channel in India to be bestowed with such a
recognition in just two years since inception. Amrita TV has been in the
forefront in delivering programmes which are endearing, enriching and
entertaining.
Mazhavil
Manorama
Mazhavil Manorama is a Malayalam general entertainment television
channel from the Malayala Manorama group. The channel is on air from on
2011. The Malayala Manorama group is already into TV media through their
Malayalam news channel, Manorama News.
Mazhavil Manorama is headquartered at Aroor Near Kochi, Kerala.
Only Doordarshan Malayalam have the only channnel from the public
sector,the statistics point out that a 26% of the viewrs prefer Asianet,22% of
them are viewers of Surya and 17% of them prefering Kairali TV and 14% depict
Mazhavil Manorama then rest of the other channel shares resmaining
viewership.Here the above data shows that almost the market and investment
occupied by the leading channels like Asianet,surya and so on.
Telecast Media
Technologies.
In present scenario because of hi-tech develop ment in science technology
and information technology the form of sources and services is witnessing a
drastic change in telecast and broadcasting technology. Although
there is certainly a relationship
between science and technology, there is, except in certain high technology
industries, very little technology that could be classified as applied science.
Technology is marked by different purposes, different processes a different
relationship to established knowledge and a particular relationship to specific
contexts of activity. Technological
enterprises are determined not by advances in knowledge nor simply by the
identification of needs, but by social interests. Of the potential new
technologies available at any one time only a few are developed and become
widely implemented in the area of broadcasting and media technologies.
Evolution of
Electronic Media
Historically,
there have been several different types of electronic media broadcasting:
( i )Telephone
broadcasting (1881–1932):
The earliest form of
electronic broadcasting (not counting data services offered by stock telegraph
companies from 1867, if ticker-tapes are excluded from the definition).
Telephone broadcasting began with the advent of Theatrophone ("Theatre
Phone") systems, which were telephone-based distribution systems allowing
subscribers to listen to live opera and theatre performances over telephone
lines, created by French inventor
( ii )Telephone News
Paper Service
Clément Ader in 1881. Telephone broadcasting
also grew to include telephone newspaper services for news and entertainment
programming which were introduced in the 1890s, primarily located in large
European cities. These telephone-based subscription services were the first
examples of electrical/electronic broadcasting and offered a wide variety of
programming.
( iii )Radio
broadcasting
Experimentally from 1906, commercially from 1920):
radio broadcasting is an audio (sound) broadcasting service, broadcast through
the air as radio waves from a transmitter to an radio antenna and, thus, to a
receiver. Stations can be linked in radio networks to broadcast common radio
programs, either in broadcast syndication, simulcast or subchannels.
( iv )Television
broadcasting (Telecast)
Experimentally from 1925, commercial
television from the 1930s: this television programming medium was long-awaited
by the general public and rapidly rose to compete with its older
radio-broadcasting sibling.
( v )Cable Radio
It is also called "cable FM", from
1928 and cable television (from 1932): both via coaxial cable, serving
principally as transmission mediums for programming produced at either radio or
television stations, with limited production of cable-dedicated programming.
( vi
)Direct-Broadcast Satellite (DBS)
(From circa 1974)
and satellite radio (from circa 1990): meant for direct-to-home broadcast
programming (as opposed to studio network uplinks and downlinks), provides a
mix of traditional radio or television broadcast programming, or both, with
dedicated satellite radio programming.
( vii ) Webcasting
Of video/television
(from circa 1993) and audio/radio (from circa 1994) streams: offers a mix of
traditional radio and television station broadcast programming with dedicated
internet radio-webcast programming.
Different IT
option for programmes (Programme Options)
Programmes
produced for television transmission are broadly categorised in to three
categories as News and Current Affairs; Education and Entertainment. The
present study has covered all categories with a slant to news-based programmes;
Some options of the new information technology tool are described here.
( i )Mobile applications
This is a big one. Libraries will start using a variety of these
this year including those designed for library websites as well as by library
database vendors and other library related mobile applications.
( ii ) QR Codes
These are starting to show up and become popular in the business
and marketing worlds and they will start to be used in libraries this year.
( iii ) Google Applications
Whether it’s collaborating
with google docs, using google voice for text messaging or any of the other
google applications. Google has a lot to offer libraries and more libraries
will start using these. For eg:google scholar,googl search and so on.
( iv ) Twitter
While more libraries may be using Facebook, in many ways, Twitter
can offer more to libraries especially when it comes to reference and instant
answers to questions.
( v ) Virtual reference
While this is already offered at many libraries; new trends and offerings
in the social media world make offering this service more practical than
before. Whether it’s installing an instant chat application on a Facebook fan
page, using a live video site such as ustream.tv or one of the many
other free applications available through social media, virtual reference is
more doable and approachable than it has been in many years.
( vi ) Online Sharing
Increased collaboration between librarians at more than one
institution as well as between faculty and librarians will occur thanks to
social media tools that make this possible. Examples include twitter, twiddla,
and many other white board and online sharing applications.
( vii )Social Media Classes
The present investigator
social media classes- I started doing these at his library this year and he
believes that many more libraries will follow suit. Using social media as a
teaching tool and not just as a tool for library promotion. New applications by
library vendors such as lib guides and gale and many others make this possible
and they will only continue to see even more of these in 2011.
Different Broadcasting
Modes
The first
regular television broadcasts began in 1937. Broadcasts can be classified as
"recorded" or "live". The former allows correcting errors,
and removing superfluous or undesired material, rearranging it, applying
slow-motion and repetitions, and other techniques to enhance the program.
However, some live events like sports television can include some of the
aspects including slow-motion clips of important goals/hits, etc., in between
the live television telecast.
American
radio-network broadcasters habitually forbade prerecorded broadcasts in the
1930s and 1940s requiring radio programs played for the Eastern and Central
time zones to be repeated three hours later for the Pacific time zone. This
restriction was dropped for special occasions, as in the case of the German
dirigible airship Hindenburg disaster at Lakehurst, New Jersey, in 1937. During
World War II, prerecorded broadcasts from war correspondents were allowed on
U.S. radio. In addition, American radio programs were recorded for playback by
Armed Forces Radio radio stations around the world.
A
disadvantage of recording first is that the public may know the outcome of an
event from another source, which may be a "spoiler". In addition,
prerecording prevents live radio announcers from deviating from an officially
approved script, as occurred with propaganda broadcasts from Germany in the
1940s and with Radio Moscow in the 1980s.
Many events
are advertised as being live, although they are often "recorded live"
(sometimes called "live-to-tape"). This is particularly true of
performances of musical artists on radio when they visit for an in-studio
concert performance. Similar situations have occurred in television production
and news broadcasting.
A broadcast
may be distributed through several physical means. If coming directly from the
radio studio at a single station or television station, it is simply sent
through the studio/transmitter link to the transmitter and thence from the
television antenna located on the radio masts and towers out to the world.
Programming may also come through a communications satellite, played either
live or recorded for later transmission. Networks of stations may simulcast the
same programming at the same time, originally via microwave link, now usually
by satellite.
Distribution
to stations or networks may also be through physical media, such as magnetic
tape, compact disc (CD), DVD, and sometimes other formats. Usually these are
included in another broadcast, such as when electronic news gathering (ENG)
returns a story to the station for inclusion on a news programme.
The final
leg of broadcast distribution is how the signal gets to the listener or viewer.
It may come over the air as with a radio station or television station to an
antenna and radio receiver, or may come through cable television or cable radio
(or "wireless cable") via the station or directly from a
network. The Internet may also bring either internet radio or streaming media
television to the recipient, especially with multicasting allowing the signal
and bandwidth to be shared.
Different Media Formats
The
telecast media formats,various formats are founded used in telecast media in
the preset.Telecsat Media librarian should have a clear knowlwdge about these
various formats with their relative merits and demerits,they are described
below.
( i )Quadruplex Videotape: 2-inch quadruplex
videotape (also called 2″ quad, or just quad, for short) was the first
practical and commercially successful analog recording videotape format. It was
developed and released for the broadcast television industry in 1956 by Ampex,
an American company based in Redwood City, California. This format
revolutionized broadcast television operations and television production, since
the only recording medium available to the TV industry until then was film used
for kinescopes, which was much more costly to utilize and took time to develop
at a film laboratory.
( ii )Type B videotape: 1 inch
type B VTR (designated Type B by Society of Motion Picture Television
Engineers) is a reel-to-reel analog recording video tape format developed by
the Bosch Fernseh division of Bosch in Germany in 1976,called the Bosch
prototype BCN 20 with KCR camera. The magnetic tape format became the
broadcasting standard in continental Europe, but adoption was only very limited
in the United States and United Kingdom, where the Type C videotape VTR was met
with greater success. The
tape speed allowed 96 minutes on a large reel (later 120 minutes), and used 2
record/playback (R/P) heads on the drum rotating at 9000 RPM with a 190 degree
wrap around a very small head drum, recording 52 video lines per head segment.
( iii )Type C videotape: 1 inch
Type C (designated Type C by SMPTE) is a professional reel-to-reel analog
recording helical scan videotape format co-developed and introduced by Ampex
and Sony in 1976. It became the replacement in the professional video and
broadcast television industries for the then-incumbent 2 inch Quadruplex
videotape (2 inch Quad for short) open-reel format, due to the smaller
size, comparative ease of operation (vs. 2 inch) and slightly higher video
quality of 1 inch type C video tape recorder (VTR).1 inch Type C is capable of
"trick-play" functions such as still, shuttle, and variable-speed
play back, including slow motion. 2-inch Quadruplex videotape machines lacked
these capabilities, due to the segmented manner in which it recorded video
tracks onto the magnetic tape. Also, 1 inch Type C VTRs required much less
maintenance (and used less power and space) than did 2-inch machines.
( iv )VHS:
The Video
Home System (better known by its abbreviation VHS) is a consumer-level analog
recording videocassette standard developed by Victor Company of Japan (JVC).The
1970s was a period when video recording became a major contributor to the
television industry. Like many other technological innovations, each of several
companies made an attempt to produce a television recording standard that the
majority of the world would embrace.
( v )Optical Disc Format In later years, optical disc formats began
to offer better quality than video tape. The earliest of these formats, Laserdisc,
was not widely adopted, but the subsequent DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) format
eventually did achieve mass acceptance and replaced VHS as the preferred method
of distribution after 2000.[4] By 2006, film
studios in the United States had stopped releasing new movie titles in VHS
format. On December 31, 2008, the last major United States supplier of
pre-recorded VHS tapes, Distribution Video Audio Inc. of Palm Harbor, Florida,
shipped its final truckload. As of 2010, most of the VHS tapes being produced
are 6 and 8 hour blank tapes.
( vi ) VHS-C: is the compact VHS videocassette format introduced in
1982 and used primarily for consumer-grade compact analog recording camcorders.
The format is based on the same video tape as is used in VHS, and can be played
back in a standard VHS VCR with an adapter. Though quite inexpensive, the
format is largely obsolete even as a consumer standard and has been replaced in
the marketplace by digital video formats, which have smaller form factors.
( vii ) Video 2000"Video
Compact Cassette" redirects here. It is not to be confused with Compact
Video Cassette. Also known as Video Compact Cassette, or VCC it was a consumer
videocassette recorder system and analog recording video cassette standard
developed by Philips and Grundig to compete with JVC's VHS and Sony's Betamax
video technologies. Distribution of Video 2000 products began in 1979 and ended
in 1988; they were marketed exclusively in most European countries, Brazil and
Argentina.
( viii ) Video Cassette Recording (VCR) was an early domestic analog
recording format designed by Phillips. It was the first successful
consumer-level home video cassette recorder (VCR) system. Later variants
included the VCR-LP and Super Video (SVR) formats.The VCR
format was introduced in 1972, just after the Sony U-matic format in 1971.
Although at first glance the two might appear to have been competing formats,
they were aimed at very different markets. U-matic was introduced as a
professional television production format, whilst VCR was targeted particularly
at educational but also domestic users. Unlike some other early formats such as
Cartrivision, the VCR format does record a high-quality video signal without
resorting to Skip field. Home video systems had previously been available, but
they were open-reel systems (most notably made by Sony) and were expensive to
both buy and operate. They were also unreliable and often only recorded in
black and white such as the EIAJ-1. The VCR system was
easy to use and recorded in colour but was still expensive: the N1500 recorder
cost nearly £600 in the United Kingdom when it was introduced in 1972, the
equivalent of just over £6000 in 2009. By comparison a small car (the Morris
Mini) could be purchased for just over £600.
( ix ) (vision electronic recording apparatus (VERA) was an early analog recording
videotape format developed from 1952 by the BBC under project manager Dr Peter
Axon.In order to record high frequencies, a tape must move rapidly with respect
to the recording or playback head. The frequencies used by video signals are so
high that the tape/head speed is on the order of several meters per second
(tens of feet per second), an order of magnitude faster than professional
analog audio tape recording. The BBC solved the problem by using 52-centimetre
(20 in) reels of magnetic tape that passed static heads at a speed of 5.08
metres per second (16.7 ft/s).VERA was capable of recording about 15
minutes (e.g. 4572 meters) of 405-line black-and-white video per reel, and the
picture tended to wobble because the synchronizing pulses that keep the picture
stable were not recorded accurately enough.
( x )W-VHS is a HDTV analog recording video cassette format created
by JVC. The format was originally introduced in 1994 for use with Japan's
Hi-Vision, an early analog high-definition television system.W-VHS was named so
because "W" in Japanese means "double".The recording medium
of W-VHS is a ½-inch metallic magnetic tape stored in a cartridge of the same
size as VHS. The tape can be used to store 1035i (HD) or 480i (SD) and a double
channel of 480i (for storing 3D programs (Grove)(SD2) analog signals (but not 480p, 720p
or 1080i). The video signal is recorded using a method called "time
compression integration" which "records separated component video,
luminance and color signals offset by time in alternating parts of the video
track". (Hostroch,1973)
Because video signals are recorded in component form instead of the S-Video
(Y/C) color under method used by S-VHS, standard definition image quality for
W-VHS is typically much higher, due to the lack of noise caused by a chromo
sub-carrier. Audio is stored in the VHS Hi-Fi or S-VHS Digital Audio formats.
( xi ) Blu-ray Disc (official abbreviation BD) is an optical disc
storage medium designed to supersede the DVD format. The plastic disc is
120 mm in diameter and 1.2 mm thick, the same size as DVDs and CDs.
Blu-ray Discs contain 25 GB per layer, with dual layer discs (50 GB) being the norm
for feature-length video discs. Triple layer discs (100 GB) and quadruple
layers (128 GB) are available for BD-XL re-writer drives. The first
Blu-ray Disc prototypes were unveiled in October 2000, and the first prototype
player was released in April 2003 in Japan. Afterwards, it continued to be
developed until its official release in June 2006.The name Blu-ray Disc refers
to the blue laser used to read the disc, which allows information to be stored
at a greater density than is possible with the longer-wave length red laser used for DVDs.
( xii ) D-1 is an SMPTE digital recording video standard, introduced in 1986 through efforts by SMPTE
engineering committees. It started as a Sony and Bosch - BTS product and was the first
major professional digital video format. SMPTE
standardized the format within ITU-R 601,
also known as Rec.
601, which was derived from SMPTE
125M and EBU 3246-E standards. D-1 stores uncompressed digitized component video,
encoded at Y'CbCr 4:2:2 using the CCIR 601 raster format with 8 bits, along
with PCM audio tracks as well as time code on a 3/4 inch (19 mm)
Video cassette tape. Uncompressed component video used enormous bandwidth, 173
Mbit/sec (bit rate), for its time. The maximum record time on a D-1 tape is 94
minutes. The D-2 system soon followed, using composite video in order to lower
the band width needed.
( xiii ) D-2 (Video) is a professional digital recording video cassette format
created by Ampex and other manufacturers through a standards group of the
Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) and introduced at
the 1988 NAB (National Association of Broadcasters) (NAB) Convention as a
lower-cost alternative to the D-1 format. Like D-1, D-2 video is
uncompressed; however, it saves band width and other costs by sampling a fully
encoded NTSC or PAL composite video signal, and storing it directly to magnetic
tape, rather than sampling analog component video. This is known as digital
composite. Ampex conceived of D-2 as a more practical solution for TV broadcasters
since it could be inserted into existing broadcast air chains, television
studios, and post-production linear editing facilities without extensive
redesign or modifications.
( xiv) D-3 (Video) is an uncompressed composite digital video
video cassette format invented at NHK, and introduced commercially by Panasonic
in 1991 to compete with Ampex's D-2. It uses half-inch metal particle tape at
83.88 mm/s (compare to D-2's 19 mm and 131.7 mm/s). Like D-2, the video signal
is sampled at four times the color subcarrier frequency, with eight bits per
sample. Four channels of 48 kHz 16-20 bit PCM audio, and other ancillary data,
are inserted during the vertical blanking interval. The aggregate net (error
corrected) bitrate of the format is 143 Mbit/s, and because the codec is
lossless, it has been used in data applications. Camcorders were available
which used this format, and are to date the only digital tape camcorders to use
a lossless encoding scheme.
( xv ) D-5 HD is a professional digital video format introduced by Panasonic in 1994. Like Sony's D-1 (8-bit), it is an uncompressed digital component system
(10bit), but uses the same half-inch tapes as Panasonic's digital composite D-3
format. A 120 min D-3 tape will record 60 min in D-5/D-5 HD mode. D-5 standard
definition decks can be retrofitted to record high definition with the use of
an external HD input/output box. The HD deck conversion does not allow for any
error correction that exists on standard definition recordings, as the full
band width of the tape is required for the HD recording.D-5 HD uses standard D-5 video tape
cassettes to record HD material, using an intra-frame compression with a 4:1
ratio. D-5 HD supports the 1080 and the 1035 interlaced line standards at both
60 Hz and 59.94 Hz field rates, all 720 progressive line standards and the 1080
progressive line standard at 24, 25 and 30 frame rates.
( xvi ) D-9 or Digital S as it was originally known,
is a professional digital video cassette format created by JVC in 1995. It is a
direct competitor to Digital Betacam. Its name was changed to D-9 in 1999 by
the SMPTE. It is used mostly inside Europe and Asia, though has seen some use
in the US, most notably by the FOX news channel.D-9 uses a tape shell of the
VHS form factor, but the tape itself uses a much higher quality metal particle
formulation. The recording system is digital and for video uses DV compression
at a 50 Mbit/s bitrate.
( xvii ) D-9HD For High definition video
recording, JVC developed an extension to D-9 called D-9 HD. D-9 HD uses twice
the number of recording heads to record a 100Mbit/s video bitstream at
resolutions of 720p60, 1080i60 and 1080p24. This variant is also able to record
8 channels of PCM audio at 16bit/48 kHz. This is ideal for mastering to
AC3 or other multichannel audio compression formats used for broadcasting. The
higher data rate means that the recording time of any given tape is cut in
half.
( xvii ) Digital8 (or D8) is a consumer digital recording video
cassette for camcorders based on the 8 mm video format developed by Sony, and
introduced in 1999.The Digital8 format is a combination of the older Hi8 tape
transport with the DV codec. Digital8 equipment uses the same video cassettes
as analog recording Hi8 equipment, but differs in that the analog audio/analog
video signal is encoded digitally (using the industry-standard DV
codec.) Since Digital8 uses the DV codec, it has identical digital audio and
digital video specifications. To facilitate digital recording on existing Hi8
videocassettes the helical scan video head drum spins 2.5x faster. For both
NTSC and PAL Digital8 equipment, a standard-length 120-minute NTSC/90-minute
PAL Hi8 magnetic tape cassette will store 60 minutes of Digital8 video
(Standard Play) or 90 minutes (Long Play). LP is model specific, such as the
TRV-30, TRV-40, and others. Digital8 recordings can be made on standard-grade
Video8 cassettes, but this practice is discouraged in the Sony user manuals.
Hi8 metal-particle cassettes are the recommended type for Digital8 recording, and
most tapes currently sold are marked for both Hi8 and Digital8 usage.
( xix ) HDV is a format for recording of high-definition video on DV
cassette tape. The format was originally developed by JVC and supported by
Sony, Canon and Sharp.
The four companies formed the HDV consortium in September 2003.Conceived as
an affordable high definition format for digital camcorders, HDV quickly caught on with many
amateur and professional videographers due to its low cost, portability, and
image quality acceptable for many professional productions. HDV video and audio
are encoded in digital form, using lossy compression. Video is encoded with
the H.262/MPEG-2
Part 2 compression scheme, using 8-bit chroma and luma samples with
4:2:0 chroma
subsampling.
( xx )
MicroMV was a proprietary videotape format introduced in 2001 by
Sony. This cassette is
physically smaller than a Digital8 or DV
cassette. In fact, MicroMV is the smallest videotape format — 70% smaller than
MiniDV or about the size of two US quarter coins. Each cassette can hold up to 60
minutes of video.The MicroMV format does not use the highly popular DV format.
Instead, it uses 12 Mbit/s MPEG-2 compression,
like that used for DVDs
and HDV.
Footage recorded on MicroMV format initially could not be directly edited with
mainstream DV editing software such as Adobe Premiere
or Apple Final Cut Pro; instead Sony supplied its own video editing
software MovieShaker
(for Windows PCs only). Later versions of Ulead
Video Studio and several freeware applications however could capture and edit
from Sony MicroMV Camcorders.MicroMV has
not been a successful format.
( xx i
)MicroMV was a proprietary videotape format introduced in 2001
by /Sony. This cassette is
physically smaller than a Digital8 or DV
cassette. In fact, MicroMV is the smallest videotape format — 70% smaller than
MiniDV or about the size of two US quarter coins. Each cassette can hold up to 60
minutes of video.
The MicroMV
format does not use the highly popular DV format. Instead, it uses 12 Mbit/s MPEG-2 compression,
like that used for DVDs
and HDV.
Footage recorded on MicroMV format initially could not be directly edited with
mainstream DV editing software such as Adobe Premiere
or Apple Final Cut Pro; instead Sony supplied its own video editing
software MovieShaker
(for Windows PCs only).
( xx ii ) ProHD is a name used by JVC for its MPEG-2-based professional camcorders. ProHD is
not a video recording format, but rather "an approach for delivering
affordable HD products" and a common name for "band width efficient
professional HD models". Originally ProHD lineup consisted of shoulder
mount HDV 720p camcorders and offered
24-frame/s progressive video recording and LPCM audio recording/playback. It is a common
misconception that JVC developed ProHD as a proprietary extension to HDV. JVC
has stressed out that 24-frame/s video and LPCM audio have always been part of
the HDV format, but at the time they were initially offered no other HDV
camcorder had them.
Role of
libraries in Telecast Media
"The common
ground between library science and information science, which is a strong one,
is in the sharing of their social role and in their general concern with the
problems of effective utilization of graphic records. But there are also very
significant differences in several critical respects, among them in:
q Selection of problems addressed and in the way they were defined.
q Theoretical questions asked and frameworks established.
q The nature and degree of experimentation and empirical development and the resulting practical
knowledge/competencies derived.
q Tools and approaches used.
q The nature and strength of interdisciplinary relations established and the
dependence of the progress and evolution of interdisciplinary approaches. All
of these differences warrant the conclusion that librarianship and information
science are two different fields in a strong interdisciplinary relation, rather
than one and the same field, or one being a special case of the other."
In traditional library, the arrangements of library
resources are made according to the class number and accession number of the
material, but, in the media libraries in Kerala region, the librarians provide
class number and accession number according to the suitability of their system.
Therefore, the arrangements of the library materials are made accordingly. In
satellite channel libraries, the materials are arranged according to their
content. Program tapes are kept in program shelf in alphabetical order
separated by source and edited tapes.
A “Media library” is organized for use and maintained by
an individual body, an organization, a corporation, or a private authority.
Collections and services may be intended for use by mass who choose not
to — or cannot afford to — purchase an extensive collection
themselves, who need material no individual can reasonably be expected to have,
or who require professional assistance with their mutual bodies of work. In
addition to providing materials, media libraries also provide the services of
librarians who are experts at finding and organizing information, documents and
at interpreting employment needs.
Some Question involved in Media Libraries
Ever since the process of economic
liberalisation took off in India in early 90s, many private television channels
have come up. For the first few years, the telecast media company libraries did
not find much of the problems with regard to handling their collections. But as
the time passed, it gradually became difficult to manage these libraries
without ‘LIS’ qualified professionals and standard ‘LIS’ systems. With the
passage of time the problem became more and more acute.
Thus, it was high time to answer the questions like:
q
What is TV media organisations’ perception of a library?
q
How they process their information resources?
q
Up to what level they are able to satisfy their users?
q
What are the systems being followed for information storage
and retrieval?
q
Is the manpower engaged in these libraries ‘LIS’ qualified?
q
What are the problems being faced by the TV media libraries
and their users?
q
What is the information behaviour of the users of such
libraries .
Social
media, simply called mass media, is becoming more and more a must for libraries
and many libraries are finding that when used properly it can be a great tool
to save money and promote library services and collections and so on..
Media Library Collections
The entire Media
Library collections are organized, classified subject wise and indexed for easy
access and retrieval for the users. The Media Library has developed its own
customised software called Video Library Computerized Information System
(VILCIX) for management on the data available of the video programmes received
in the Library from the seventeen Multimedia Centres. The data of the video
programmes received in the Media Library are input into the database of the
customized software developed for the purpose of access and retrieval of
information of the video programmes. The Media Library database caters to the
in-house needs such as information for planning, scheduling, marketing needs
and also for bringing out the catalogue.
Evaluation of Media Library
The
evaluative study of the topic is mainly focussing that the study of visual
media library is not conducted yet in any authentical format, and the working
environment is really unknown to the informatics community. The topic covers
almost all content coming under Library and Information Science. The
methodology adopted to find out information from the various visual media in
Kerala and the criteria for evaluation of media library system are generally
discussed. The working pattern, collection maintenance, various services,
duties and speciality details are provided which may be useful to the scholars,
students, learners, institutions, and organizations.
Conclusion
The electronic media libraries
with their holdings of different Audio Visual (AV) materials have been playing
a vital role in dissemination of different useful information to the society.
The information from different disciplines are collected, recorded
and stored in the libraries for the purpose of telecasting with the help of
satellite service throughout the world within seconds Electronic media libraries or AV media
libraries are dealing with the management of non-print materials. The users of
the media library are of special type who usually asks for instant and ready
information specific to their variant needs. Proper
management and easy retrieval of the required
information are very crucial for libraries of all the private satellite
television channels as. Their ultimate performance and competitive survival
will depend upon the availability and utilization of the information that will
support and sustain in their business.
References
1) Grove, Pearce’s.
Non-print
media in academic libraries, Chicago: America Library Association.P.X.
2) Hostrop, Richard
W.
Education
inside the library media centere, Hamden: Shoe Sting Press, 1973,P.4-5
3) Nolan, John L.
Audio-Visual material, Library trends 10, (October 1961).
P.262
4) Readers Digest
Oxford: Complete word finder, New York: Clarenden Press, 1990.
5)
Rogers,
Rutherford and Weber, David. University library administration, Newyork: Wilson
Co, 1971,P.287.
6) http://www.wikipedia.com
accessed on 22nd March 201
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