SMILING TIPS :)

Believe it or not, YOU are the one that decides whether or not to be happy.  No matter how much we have to deal with in this life, it is up to us to determine our state of mind.  Smiling is one of the best ways to keep a positive outlook in life.  So I just wanted to share with you a few things that have helped me turn that frown upside down.

1-Live a healthy lifestyle.

Nothing makes you smile lie feeling great, having lots of energy and knowing that you are treating your body with respect.  So a great way to keep a smile on your face is to exercise, eat right, drink lots of water and get plenty of sleep.  I think this is a no brainer, but very important none the less.

2-Stay focused on the positive.

Another one that is very obvious and yet not so commonly implemented is to stay focused on the positive.  No matter what the situation there is always a silver lining.  Find the good that is always present and keep it at the forefront of your mind.

3-Be prepared to take a step back.

When the going gets tough you need to be ready and able to step out of the situation and get some air.  By remaining in a bad place you will be making it that much harder to see the way out.  But by taking a step back, clearing your head and getting a fresh perspective, you will be much more capable of maneuvering through any situation.

4-Spend time in nature.

I always find that nothing brightens my day like a good outing in the beautiful outdoors.  Sunshine, fresh air, greens and blues, there’s nothing better.  Always make time to stop and smell the roses, literally.

5-Serve Others.

People usually shy away from the word serve as something they would ever do for another human being.  It sounds so demeaning.  But serving others and putting their needs above your own is a wonderful way to keep a healthy perspective and show someone you care.  Keep a look out for opportunities to fill a need and help another human being.  There is no greater antidote to an unfulfilled life than that of helping others.

6-Never lose the kid in you.

The kid in you is the source of your greatest imagination and the innocence that allows for a fresh perspective.  When we ‘grow up’ we should never loose this child inside, but instead we should embrace it as part of who we are and the great asset that it provides.  There is no more genuine smile than that of a little child.  That child is still inside you, you just have to let it out.

7-Always be flexible.

As important as it is to always have a plan, we need to remain flexible so that we can roll with the punches.  Life is always going to throw us a curve now and again, but it is up to us to either let it get us down or make the necessary changes to keep moving forward.  So always be prepared to make a change and your smile will stay in tact.

8-Find healthy escapes.

Sometimes life is just too much to deal with.  We need to a place where we can feel safe and are able to think clearly.  Whether it’s a hobby, location or just an experience, find that place where you can get away from the trials of life so you can rest and recoup to go back out and hit things head on.  Just make sure it is a ‘healthy’ escape.  It can be tempting to escape into those places that are hard to come back from.  You will know it when you are in it.  Just be clear with yourself that you will only stay if it is truly beneficial to you life.

9-Keep your priorities strait.

There is nothing more dangerous to you mental well being than misaligning the things that matter most.  A common cause to an unnecessary frown is an over focused mind on that which is of little importance.

10-Appreciate the things you have.

Last but not least, never forget what you already have and how blessed you are to have it.  Things like your family, friends, pets, etc… Always appreciate these things and you will never have to live another smile’less day.

ARE YOU A BAD EMPLOYEE?

If you live by your own rules at work, you're not going to remain employed for very long.

Confidence and self-esteem in the workplace can go a long way. Too much of either, though, and you may end up being the dreaded "problem employee."

If you've got an inflated sense of self-worth or are just ignorant of how your bosses and co-workers perceive you, you could be dragging your team down without even realizing it.

Want to find out if you're the office outcast? Take a look at the list below. 

1. You're always late.

Maybe you just happen to move slowly in the morning, the line at your favorite lunch place adds 10 minutes to your break, or important calls seem to always come up before meetings. Whatever the case, rationalizing it won't help your reputation. Habitually poor time management will make your boss see you as selfish, disrespectful, unreliable, and disorganized.  

2. You make a lot of excuses.

People take notice when your excuses for why you can't do something outnumbers the times you successfully do your work. And if problems you can't solve do arise during the day, communicate them to your boss and colleagues immediately and honestly.

3. You complain about unexpected assignments.

Nobody likes the surprise of extra work, but if you regularly communicate your dissatisfaction with grumbling or even an explicit denial of the assignment, you will be labeled as someone with a poor work ethic.

4. You love to gossip.

Getting the inside scoop on your colleagues can be hard to resist, and sharing all your problems with coworkers can be cathartic. But after time, rumours and complaints will be associated with you, and you will lose the respect of your peers.

5. You're convinced you're the smartest person in the office.

Let's just assume that you are as brilliant as you think you are; you're still part of a team. And arrogant employees who don't respect the corporate hierarchy aren't going to last very long.

6. You don't believe in your company's mission or values.

If you're regularly making snarky remarks about what your employer stands for, your colleagues will likely have a hard time trusting your judgment on decisions. If you separate yourself from your company, then your employer is going to catch on and could separate from you. 

7. You're noticeably less productive than your colleagues.

If your boss seems to be spending more time with you than your coworkers, and these colleagues are constantly having to assist you, your employer may eventually determine that trying to improve your performance is a waste of time and money.

8. Your colleagues clearly don't enjoy working with you.

If it seems like coworkers aren't making eye contact with you or are uncomfortable when working with you on a project, it may actually be because they are afraid of you, or at least categorize you as a bad team player. If you're too aggressive or pushy, you'll come to be seen as a "lone wolf" that no one wants to deal with.

9. You find yourself regularly apologizing to clients or having your boss do it for you.

Everyone makes mistakes, but if it seems like your customers are regularly dissatisfied with your work, your employer is going to start seeing you as a danger to the company.

10. You can't take "no" for an answer.

If you find yourself defending your idea even after everyone has expressed he or she disagrees with it, you'll start to be seen as a troublemaker. Sometimes you just need to let things go for the sake of the team.

THE POWER OF POSITIVE LIGHTNING

A Schleicher ASK 21 glider is a craft of elegance and poise. Its slim wings, seductively curved cabin and tapering fuselage embody a balanced design that moulds modern materials into flowing aerodynamic lines. On the afternoon of 17 April 1999, one such beauty soared gracefully above countryside near Dunstable, England, with an instructor and a novice pilot on board. The student had been given the trial lesson as a 30th birthday present. Although large storm clouds loomed nearby, at 1608 hours conditions in the immediate vicinity were calm and the air was clear. At 1609 hours a fearsome force suddenly and violently shredded large sections of the glider. The instructor later recalled a “very loud bang” and a distressingly “draughty” cockpit. Dazed and briefly unconscious, he realised that “something was seriously amiss requiring unpleasant and decisive action.” By the time he vacated the wreckage noting on his way out that there was no need to eject the canopy, nor any canopy--his student had arrived at the same conclusion. Witnesses on the ground observed a bright flash and heard a loud crack, and craned their necks to see a ball of smoke and fine debris hanging in the space where the glider had been. Below this, the remnant of a fuselage plummeted earthwards at high speed, with larger sailplane fragments fluttering behind. Thankfully two open parachutes were among them, with deafened and soot-blackened aviators swinging underneath. They were the fortunate survivors of a curious and powerful phenomenon known as positive lightning. Usually, lightning occurs inside towering cumulonimbus clouds, or between the bases of such clouds and the ground. The vast vertical energy transfers involved in storm cell formation cause a strong negative charge to develop at the bottom of the cloud, which in turn attracts a positive charge on the ground underneath. Ordinary cloud-to-ground lightning happens when this differential grows to a critical point, and negative charge flows abruptly to earth in an explosive flash of electricity. This commonplace ‘negative’ lightning has a high voltage but a relatively low current. While it can certainly be dangerous, there are numerous reports of people being struck by lightning and surviving sometimes more than once. Similarly, lightning hits aircraft on a surprisingly routine basis, with several documented incidents occurring every year. Modern metal-skinned aircraft are designed to deflect the charge harmlessly through their outer conducting surfaces. The extent of the devastation wreaked upon the 1999 Dunstable glider was unusual. Investigators partly attributed this to the sailplane’s layered composite glass fibre construction. The lightning bolt passed through adhesive-bonded layers of glass fibre in the wings, stripping them apart in a spectacular process known as explosive delamination. Rapid heating of gases in the voids of the structure generated shock waves that flung apart layers of glider like a vigorously and instantaneously peeled airborne onion. Yet this didn’t explain the full magnitude of the damage. The conducting metal linkages of the flight controls should have provided a relatively easy route for the electrical discharge to pass through the glider, but metallurgical examination of the debris revealed some strange anomalies. Although one connecting bolt had experienced extreme temperatures of 1000 degrees Celsius, other components had been bizarrely deformed despite receiving much less heat. One hollow control rod was crushed into a solid bar by an intense magnetic field, something that could only have been generated by energies far exceeding those of ‘normal’ negative lightning. It was clear that some higher power had been at work. Suspicion rapidly settled on the phenomenon known as ‘positive lightning’. Awareness of positive lightning’s significance has gradually increased in recent decades, and it is now believed to comprise up to 5% of all lightning strikes. The negative charge at a storm cell’s base is balanced by a strong positive charge at the cloud’s anvil-shaped top, up to 60,000 feet above the ground. While there is also a positive charge on the ground immediately underneath the storm cell, significant charge differentials can develop between cloud tops and negatively charged land surfaces much further away. Occasionally these differentials are sufficient to spark a positively charged lightning strike— a huge high-energy arc capable of hitting the ground more than ten miles from the storm itself, often under clear skies and bright sunshine. Vast energies are required to deliver these bolts from the blue. Research suggests that positive lightning can generate currents and potentials ten times greater than negative strikes: up to 300,000 amps and 1 billion volts, or approximately 300,000.21 Gigawatts of power in a single discharge. Following the 1999 Dunstable incident, researchers in lightning test establishments in the US, UK, and Germany tried to replicate some of the glider’s extreme damage by unleashing increasingly huge electrical discharges onto unsuspecting test articles. Despite their best efforts, the hollow metal rods remained resolutely uncrushed. Maniacal cackling professors and hunchbacked assistants were not available for comment. Many of the more serious lightning strikes known to have adversely affected human interests whether flights, forests, power grids, or the Hill Valley clock tower— are now believed to have been positive. Reassuringly, all modern passenger aircraft incorporate conducting strips and other lightning mitigation measures, designed to protect vulnerable electrical and fuel systems. It should be noted that the Dunstable glider had no such protection, and that a lightning induced wing-shredding event on a commercial flight is considered exceedingly unlikely. Nonetheless, the fact that many aircraft safety standards are based on assumptions derived from puny negative lightning, rather than high power positive strikes, leaves some cause for concern. Not everything about positive lightning is negative. The phenomenon may represent the key to unlocking some important mysteries of meteorology, and is associated with intriguing scientific curiosities such as sprites, jets and Elves bizarre forms of high altitude lightning first imaged by observant space shuttle astronauts. And there are some highly speculative theories that may allow humans to eventually source useful energy from the sparkier parts of thunderstorms. Science, as ever, is charged with discovering both the helpful and the harmful aspects of this up-and-coming phenomenon.

WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence exhibited by machines or software, and the branch of computer science that develops machines and software with intelligence. Major AI researchers and textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents", where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success. John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1955,defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines”. I research is highly technical and specialised, and is deeply divided into subfields that often fail to communicate with each other. Some of the division is due to social and cultural factors: subfields have grown up around particular institutions and the work of individual researchers. AI research is also divided by several technical issues. Some subfields focus on the solution of specific problems. Others focus on one of several possible approaches or on the use of a particular tool or towards the accomplishment of particular applications. The central problems (or goals) of AI research include reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects. General intelligence (or "strong AI") is still among the field's long-term goals. Currently popular approaches include statistical methods, computational intelligence and traditional symbolic AI. There are an enormous number of tools used in AI, including versions of search and mathematical optimisation, logic, methods based on probability and economics, and many others. The field was founded on the claim that a central property of humans, intelligence the sapience of Homo sapiens can be so precisely described that it can be simulated by a machine. This raises philosophical issues about the nature of the mind and the ethics of creating artificial beings, issues which have been addressed by myth, fiction and philosophy since antiquity. Artificial intelligence has been the subject of tremendous optimism but has also suffered stunning setbacks. Today it has become an essential part of the technology industry and many of the most difficult problems in computer science

THE GREAT ASHOKA OF INDIA

"In the history of the world there have been thousands of kings and emperors who call themselves "their highnesses," "their majesties", and "their exalted majesties" and so on. They shone for a brief moment, and as quickly disappeared. But Ashoka shines and shines brightly like a bright star, even unto this day."Ashoka was the first ruler to unify all of India. He was also the first Buddhist King who after his conversion to Buddhism attempted to embrace nonviolence and Buddhist principles as part of royal policies Today, he is considered one of India's greatest leaders. Ashoka the Great ruled India from 273 BC until 232 BC. Despite the acclaim held by H.G. Wells, for many Americans, Ashoka is not well known. This hub is an effort to elucidate the achievements of this historical figure. This is targeted to those who are not familiar with Ashok. Ashoka was born in 304 BC. He was the son of the Mauryan Emperor Bindusara. He had one younger brother and also older half-brothers. Early on, he showed great promise. When he started showing success as a military leader, his older brothers began to fear that Ashoka would ascend to the throne. When an uprising occurred in the Takshashila province, Prince Susima suggested to his father that Ashoka would be the best person to deal with it. When news reached the province that Ashoka was coming, the fighting stopped. The militia who had started the revolt welcomed Ashoka's arrival. With this victory, Susima became more concerned about Ashoka.  He portrayed him as power hungry and ambitious.  Soon, he had convinced his father to exile Ashoka to Kalinga. In Kalinga, Ashoka fell in love with Kaurwaki who worked as a fisherwoman.  She would later be one of his many wives. His exile was soon ended when there was an uprising in Ujjain Province.  Emperor Bindusara now called Ashoka back from exile and sent him to Ujjain.  This time there was a great battle and Ashoka was seriously hurt. During his recovery, he was overseen by Buddhist monks and nuns.  It was during this time that he first learned about Buddhism.  He fell in love with his nurse Devi.  She too would become one of his wives. The year after the battle at Ujjain, the Emperor Bindusara became very sick. It was clear that he would die. Soon, a war broke out between all of his sons over who would succeed the emperor. After a series of battles, Ashoka killed many of his brothers. He thus attained the throne in 274 BC. For the first eights years of his rule, he became famous for his brutaiity and his desire to expand the Mauryan Empire.His nickname at this time was Chandashoka which means "cruel Ashoka". So, when Ashoka was in his eighth year of rule, his wife Devi gave birth two twins: Prince Mahindra and Princess Sanghamitra.He also learned that one of his brothers was hiding in Kalinga. Ashoka was outraged that any place would aid his brother. He launched a full invasion of the province. In the fighting, thousands of people were killed and large areas of land were ravaged. After the battle, Ashoka decided to look over the destruction. The place that he had once been exiled now lay in utter collapse with houses burned down and many bodies still unburied. It was said that this was the first time that Ashoka saw the direct impact of war. According to legend, upon seeing the utter devastation, he said: "What have I done?"  For the rest of his life, he would not forget the horror that he saw on this day. It is said that his wife Devi accompanied him at Kalinga. She was so bothered by what she saw that she left his side. She ran away and never returned. Devi was Buddhist and perhaps this in combination with Ashoka's memory of learning about Buddhist principles led him to change his ways. From this point on, he embraces Buddhism. He took on the Buddhists Radhaswami and Manjushri as his teachers. He decided that he would base the rest of his rule on Buddhist principles. Ashoka now reversed course. He set free all of his prisoners and returned their property. There is a story that the pregnant wife of one of his brothers escaped the palace before she could be killed. The baby survived and was brought up by Buddhist monks and nuns. When the boy was 13, he was discovered by Ashoka who learned the boy's identity. Ashoka, at this time, felt so much shame that he moved the boy and his mother to live in the palace. At this time, he got a new name. Instead of Chandashoka, he became known as Dharmashoka which means "pious Ashoka."Ashoka now begins a massive public works project where he orders the creation of thousands of Buddhist buildings. He builds stupas which are mounds that house Buddhist relics and he builds viharas which are Buddhist monasteries. He orders the construction of roadhouses for travelers which are free of charge.He created edicts which protect wildlife against sport hunting and he promotes the vegetarianism. He initiates the building of universities, irrigation systems, and hospitals.He signs peace treaties with many of the neighbouring kingdom even though with India's resources, he would have little trouble to conquer them outright.Ashoka takes the very innovative position of protecting minority interests in India. He required nonviolence as well as loerance of all other religions and all opinions."Dharmashoka also defined the main principles of dharma as nonviolence, tolerance of all sects and opinions, obedience to parents and other religious teachers and priests, liberality toward friends, humane treatment of servants, and generosity towards all."Ashoka ruled for over 40 years. 50 years after his death, the Mauryan Empire came to an end. He had numerous wives and many heirs but most of their names are lost. Buddhism did not, of course, stay the state religion of India. Still, empowered by Ashoka, Buddhism quickly spread outside of India's borders into Southeast Asia. Today, the Ashokra Chakra, the Wheel of Dharma, is featured on the national flag of India.  Ashoka used this image on many of his constructions.  The wheel has 24 spokes which represent:

1.              Love

2.              Courage

3.              Patience

4.              Peacefulness

5.              Kindness

6.              Goodness

7.              Faithfulness

8.              Gentleness

9.              Self-control

10.         Selflessness

11.         Self sacrifice

12.         Truthfulness

13.         Righteousness

14.         Justice

15.         Mercy

16.         Graciousness

17.         Humility

18.         Empathy

19.         Sympathy

20.         Godly knowledge

21.         Godly wisdom

22.         Godly moral

23.         Reverential fear of God

24.         Hope/trust/faith in the goodness of God 

FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE IN 1453

The siege of Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire and one of the most heavily fortified cities in the world, took place in 1453. Sultan Mehmed II, ruler of the Ottoman Turks, led the assault. The city was defended by, at most, 10,000 men. The Turks had between 100,000 and 150,000 men on their side. The siege lasted for fifty days. The Turks employed various important war tactics in taking over the city. They used huge cannon to destroy the walls, warships were used to the cut the city's sea defense. They also used an extensive infantry to engulf the city. After using his heavy artillery to form a breach in the wall, the fist attack was launched upon Constantinople on a May morning at 1:00 a.m. The shout of men could be heard miles away. This fist attack was led by the Bashi-Bazouks. They tried to attack the weakest point in the walls. They knew they were outnumbered and out skilled, but they still fought with passion. After fighting for two hours, they were called to retreat. The second attack was brought on by the Anatolian Turks from Ishak's army. This army could easily be recognized by their specialized uniforms. This army was also more organized than the first. They used their cannons to blast through the walls of the city. By using trumpets and other noises they were able to break the concentration of their opponents. They were the first army to enter the city. The Christians were ready for them as they entered. They were able to massacre much of the army from this attack. This attack was called off at dawn. Before the army was able to gain strength and order, another attack feel upon them. Mehmet's favorite set of troops called the Janissaries started to attack. They launched arrows, missiles, bullets, stones and javelins at the enemy. They maintained perfect unity in this attack, unlike the other attempts. This battle, at the stockade, was a long tiring battle for the troops. The soldiers fought in hand-to-hand combat. Someone had to give. It was the Christians. The Turks remembered a port called the Kerkoporta. They noticed it had accidentally been left open by the Christians. The Christian army frequently used that gate to try to penetrate the flank of the Turkish army. They stormed the gate, but the Christians were able to stop them before completely entering the city. While battles were being fought on land, the Turks were also trying to take control of the sea. Many ships were placed in the Golden Horn and off of the Marmora shore to help siege the city. Many of the soldiers came from these ships to aid the army on land. Once the signal was sent, troops flooded off of these ships to take down the harbor walls and start looting the city. The City was now completely taken over by the Turks. Mehmed renamed the city Istanbul. To further glorify the city he built mosques, palaces, monuments and a system of aqueducts. The city was now officially claimed for Islam. New rules and regulations came about for the conquered. The Greeks were to form communities within the empire called milets. The Christians were still allowed to practice their religion, but had to dress in distinguishing attire and could not bear arms. So came the end to the great city of Constantinople.

HILARIOUS INDIAN MYTHS ABOUT PREGNANCY AND ITS FACTS

When pregnant, you are likely to believe even myths for the sake of your baby’s health. Many a times, wrong beliefs and practices which have been passed on from one generation to the next become the norm and are often forced upon on pregnant women by the elders of the house. These do not really have any scientific basis but are based on hearsay.

Myth 1: Hanging pictures of beautiful babies on the wall result in cute babies.

Fact: Looks and features of the newborn depend on genetics. Hanging photos of cute babies does not ensure any particular features in your baby. However, having good looking or positive pictures on the wall can surely make the would-be mother feel good which is great for overall pregnancy and well being.

Myth 2: Drinking coconut water after the seventh month of pregnancy makes the baby’s head as large as the coconut.

Fact: This is completely false. Coconut water is a good source of potassium and should be consumed in moderation for optimum gut health. It will have no impact on the size of the baby’s head.

Myth 3: Drinking coconut water will result in the baby having a lot of hair and the mother getting acidity.

Fact: Again, not true! The baby generally lies head down in the third trimester and the acidity that the mother feels as a result of her growing belly is actually in the upper abdomen and it is not due to coconut or its water.

Myth 4: Eating something white first thing in the morning will result in a fair-skinned baby.

Fact: No way! This is sheer myth. The colour of the food you eat has no bearing on the complexion of your newborn. Like looks, it too depends on your genetics.

Myth 5: One should not indulge in any activity during an eclipse else the baby will be born with some deformity.

Fact: An eclipse is a natural phenomenon. It will definitely not cause any defects or deformities in the baby. This does not mean you look at one with the naked eye. General precautions need to be taken by everyone, not just by pregnant women.

Myth 6: The shape of the stomach can help determine the sex of the baby.

Fact: The stomach is shaped on how the baby lays in the womb. Whether it is a girl or boy cannot be deciphered based on the shape.

Myth 7: The type of cravings a pregnant woman has can determine the sex of the baby.

Fact: Pregnancy cravings are essentially due to nutritional deficiencies in the body and not because it is a girl or boy. There is no concrete proof that craving for a certain food means the woman is expecting a girl and vice versa.

Myth 8: The mother’s complexion determines the sex of the baby.

Fact: It’s actually hormones which cause skin changes during pregnancy like patches on the neck, dark underarms and at times even darkening of skin on the face which is called the pregnancy mask.

Myth 9: Eating ghee or oil will help the baby slide out from the vagina during labour.

Fact: Ghee or oil does not help the baby slide out easily in any way. All they do is add a whole lot of calories in your body which becomes difficult to shed once the baby is born. Refrain from eating piles of fatty food and eat a healthy, balanced meal.

Myth 10: Pregnant women need to double their diet quantity as they are eating for two people.

Fact: This is quite common but is untrue. Though you are eating for two people, you do not have to double the quantity of food. All you need to add is 300 extra calories. The healthier options you choose, the better it is. Pregnant women need extra nutrition from all food groups and not just fat.

Thanks: Sonali Shivlani

WHAT IS FREE SOFTWARE?

The free software presents the criteria for whether a particular software program qualifies as free software. From time to time we revise this definition, to clarify it or to resolve questions about subtle issues. See the History section below for a list of changes that affect the definition of free software.” Free software” means software that respects users' freedom and community. Roughly, it means that the users have the freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software. Thus, “free software” is a matter of liberty, not price. To understand the concept, you should think of “free” as in “free speech,” not as in “free beer”. We campaign for these freedoms because everyone deserves them. With these freedoms, the users control the program and what it does for them. When users don't control the program, we call it a “non free” or “proprietary” program. The non free program controls the users, and the developer controls the program; this makes the program an instrument of unjust power.A program is free software if the program's users have the four essential freedoms: The freedom to run the program, for any purpose. The freedom to study how the program works, and change it so it does your computing as you wish. Access to the source code is a precondition for this. The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others By doing this you can give the whole community a chance to benefit from your changes. Access to the source code is a precondition for this. A program is free software if it gives users adequately all of these freedoms. Otherwise, it is non free. While we can distinguish various non free distribution schemes in terms of how far they fall short of being free, we consider them all equally unethical. The rest of this page clarifies certain points about what makes specific freedoms adequate or not. Freedom to distribute means you are free to redistribute copies, either with or without modifications, either gratis or charging a fee for distribution, toanyone anywhere. Being free to do these things means that you do not have to ask or pay for permission to do so.You should also have the freedom to make modifications and use them privately in your own work or play, without even mentioning that they exist. If you do publish your changes, you should not be required to notify anyone in particular, or in any particular way. The freedom to run the program means the freedom for any kind of person or organization to use it on any kind of computer system, for any kind of overall job and purpose, without being required to communicate about it with the developer or any other specific entity. In this freedom, it is the user's purpose that matters, not the developer's purpose; you as a user are free to run the program for your purposes, and if you distribute it to someone else, she is then free to run it for her purposes, but you are not entitled to impose your purposes on her. The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or executable forms of the program, as well as source code, for both modified and unmodified versions. It is OK if there is no way to produce a binary or executable form for a certain program,but you must have the freedom to redistribute such forms should you find or develop a way to make them. In order for freedoms 1 and 3 to be meaningful, you must have access to the source code of the program. Therefore, accessibility of source code is a necessary condition for free software. Obfuscated “source code” is not real source code and does not count as source code. Freedom 1 includes the freedom to use your changed version in place of the original. If the program is delivered in a product designed to run someone else's modified versions but refuse to run yours a practice known as “tivoization” or “lockdown”, or as “secure boot” freedom 1 becomes a theoretical fiction rather than a practical freedom. This is not sufficient. In other words, these binaries are not free software even if the source code they are compiled from is free. One important way to modify a program is by merging in available free subroutines and modules. If the program's license says that you cannot merge in a suitably licensed existing module for instance, if it requires you to be the copyright holder of any code you add then the license is too restrictive to qualify as free. Freedom 3 includes the freedom to release your modified versions as free software. A free license may also permit other ways of releasing them; in other words, it does not have to be a copyleft license. However, a license that requires modified versions to be non free does not qualify as a free license. In order for these freedoms to be real, they must be permanent and irrevocable as long as you do nothing wrong; if the developer of the software has the power to revoke the license, or retroactively add restrictions to its terms, without your doing anything wrong to give cause, the software is not free. However, certain kinds of rules about the manner of distributing free software are acceptable, when they don't conflict with the central freedoms. For example, copyleft is the rule that when redistributing the program, you cannot add restrictions to deny other people the central freedoms. This rule does not conflict with the central freedoms; rather it protects them.“Free software” does not mean “noncommercial”. A free program must be available for commercial use, commercial development, and commercial distribution. Commercial development of free software is no longer unusual; such free commercial software is very important. You may have paid money to get copies of free software, or you may have obtained copies at no charge. But regardless of how you got your copies, you always have the freedom to copy and change the software, even to sell copies. Whether a change constitutes an improvement is a subjective matter. If your right to modify a program is limited, in substance, to changes that someone else considers an improvement, that program is not free. However, rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable, if they don't substantively limit your freedom to release modified versions, or your freedom to make and use modified versions privately. Thus, it is acceptable for the license to require that you change the name of the modified version, remove a logo, or identify your modifications as yours. As long as these requirements are not so burdensome that they effectively hamper you from releasing your changes, they are acceptable; you're already making other changes to the program, so you won't have trouble making a few more. Rules that “if you make your version available in this way, you must make it available in that way also” can be acceptable too, on the same condition. An example of such an acceptable rule is one saying that if you have distributed a modified version and a previous developer asks for a copy of it, you must send one. Rules that require release of source code to the users for versions that you put into public use are also acceptable. A special issue arises when a license requires changing the name by which the program will be invoked from other programs. That effectively hampers you from releasing your changed version so that it can replace the original when invoked by those other programs. This sort of requirement is acceptable only if there's a suitable aliasing facility that allows you to specify the original program's name as an alias for the modified version. In the GNU project, we use copy left to protect these freedoms legally for everyone. But non copy lefted free software also exists. We believe there are important reasons why it is better to use copy left, but if your program is non copy lefted free software, it is still basically ethical. Sometimes government export control regulations and trade sanctions can constrain your freedom to distribute copies of programs internationally. Software developers do not have the power to eliminate or override these restrictions, but what they can and must do is refuse to impose them as conditions of use of the program. In this way, the restrictions will not affect activities and people outside the jurisdictions of these governments. Thus, free software licenses must not require obedience to any nontrivial export regulations as a condition of exercising any of the essential freedoms. Merely mentioning the existence of export regulations, without making them a condition of the license itself, is acceptable since it does not restrict users. If an export regulation is actually trivial for free software, then requiring it as a condition is not an actual problem; however, it is a potential problem, since a later change in export law could make the requirement nontrivial and thus render the software non free. Most free software licenses are based on copyright, and there are limits on what kinds of requirements can be imposed through copyright. If a copyright-based license respects freedom in the ways described above, it is unlikely to have some other sort of problem that we never anticipated. However, some free software licenses are based on contracts, and contracts can impose a much larger range of possible restrictions. That means there are many possible ways such a license could be unacceptably restrictive and non free. When can't possibly list all the ways that might happen. If a contract-based license restricts the user in an unusual way that copyright-based licenses cannot, and which isn't mentioned here as legitimate, we will have to think about it, and we will probably conclude it is non free. When talking about free software, it is best to avoid using terms like “give away” or “for free,” because those terms imply that the issue is about price, not freedom. Some common terms such as “piracy” embody opinions we hope you won't endorse. See Confusing Words and Phrases that are Worth Avoiding for a discussion of these terms. We also have a list of proper translations of “free software” into various languages. Finally, note that criteria such as those stated in this free software definition require careful thought for their interpretation. To decide whether a specific software license qualifies as a free software license, we judge it based on these criteria to determine whether it fits their spirit as well as the precise words. If a license includes unconscionable restrictions, we reject it, even if we did not anticipate the issue in these criteria. Sometimes a license requirement raises an issue that calls for extensive thought, including discussions with a lawyer, before we can decide if the requirement is acceptable. When we reach a conclusion about a new issue, we often update these criteria to make it easier to see why certain licenses do or don't qualify.

EMOTIONS OVERTAKE LOGIC IN WOMEN?

To understand how these two elements go together, it is helpful to review the basics of a woman's nature. Women lack the masculine characteristic of a logical, reasoning mind. The masculine mind is more or less aware of its relationship to reality, whereas the feminine mind is simply flowing unconsciously with whatever forces are acting upon it at any given time. The feminine mind represents a kind of primordial level of consciousness that lacks the introspective contrast of self and other, which is necessary to the existence of ego. It is a pure unconscious animal. Whereas the masculine represents that form of consciousness which involves the perception of an independent self, which relates to the world on a consciously individual basis.In very basic terms, we're talking about human/animal consciousness. Men, to whatever degree they are masculine, deal with their experiences in terms of their relationship as an individual entity to the rest of the world. In other words, they operate in a mode of awareness of causation. This is why men have a sense of conscience and justice and ethics that is built upon principles which are themselves built upon models of relation between the individual and the world. To put it another way, man's reasoning mind allows him to perceive reality and to differentiate between himself as an individual and other individuals. That is man's basis for developing the ideas of rights and ethics, and it lays the groundwork for ethical principles, i.e., recognizing the rights of others. Therefore men have a deep-rooted basis for knowing why it is wrong to murder, rob, lie, etc.Women, to the degree that they are feminine, basically just flow along and respond to things in a spontaneous way. Their relationship to the world is one characterized by immediacy. They lack introspection. How often have you heard and witnessed the fact that women love spontaneity? Lacking in the ability to reason, women are dominated by emotions. In fact, to a woman, the act of experiencing emotions constitutes her level of consciousness. A woman thinks with her emotions. This is very bad. A woman can be crying one minute, and the next carry on as though it never happened. She is a chameleon, capable of the most astonishing transformations in personality. Only a creature with no real character could pull off such a feat. Women are pure, unconscious, emotional animals. What a woman craves most from a man is the ability to impart on her heightened emotional states.Thus, we come to the answer to the question asked. A purely emotional creature loves drama. She becomes restless and bored quickly with stability and the routine. She wants emotions to be experiencing highs and lows, self-pity, love, anger, hate, jealousy, hate, jubilation, scorn, or many others and will find ways to have them. An emotional creature is not well suited for the realities of the world. For everything in the world that makes life possible depends on structure, planning, timeliness, persistence, long range vision, strength, dependability, and other masculine qualities. A woman hates these things, she hates any form of personal responsibility, and she thinks men were put on earth to provide them for her. Thus, being a whore is an easy path for her. She's lazy, and lying means nothing to her. She lies constantly and thinks it's really her due and her place to lie whenever it is to her advantage. So she'll gladly paint herself as shy, innocent or respectable one minute, and whore herself out for money the next. She will choose whatever strategy; marriage or gold-digging and whoring, offers the most money with the least effort or giving anything of herself. 

WHY EMPLOYEES EMPHASIZE OF SOFT SKILLS

Most job seekers are familiar with soft skills -- the broad set of capabilities related to communication, leadership, collaboration and creative problem solving. In short, they are all the no technical skills you bring to your work and your professional relationships. But because soft skills are hard to measure, job seekers often think of them as "nice to have" complements to their core abilities. That would be a fine attitude about soft skills if most hiring managers shared it. They don’t. For most openings these days, employers can choose from multiple candidates who have comparable "hard" qualifications. That's why the decision often comes down to identifying the job seeker who will fit best with the team and can work easily with others, motivate colleagues, respond calmly to crises and provide exactly the kind of help that's needed. Individuals with well-developed soft skills benefit the company in ways that, while hard to measure, are impossible to ignore. Job candidates with strong soft skills also have the greatest potential to deliver more value over time. Employees who can educate others -- and be educated by them in turn build their knowledge, forge stronger collaborative relationships and become leaders and motivators. Job seekers' underestimation of soft skills may stem from a belief that technological advancements have lessened the importance of interpersonal interactions. To the contrary, technology has increased the pace and volume of interaction with colleagues not only within your own department but also throughout the company (and sometimes the world), many of whom don't share your background or expectations. Soft skills are the key to that increased communication and collaboration more productive. The ability to build strong relationships, even with people you rarely or never see, has become indispensable for many roles. Highlighting your soft skills on your resume is worthwhile, especially if you can cite specific examples of ways they've benefited past employers. But what most hiring managers really want is firsthand proof of those capabilities, and that's something they can get only from interacting with you. Those interactions aren't limited to interviews, of course. If your resume includes a host of impressive but irrelevant information, for example, it might suggest that you haven't really considered the employer's needs or time constraints. That bodes poorly for your future interactions with co-workers at the company. Don’t overlook factors that aren't normally associated with communication. Dressing appropriately for every visit to the office, for example, conveys a sense of awareness about the way you present yourself to others. In-person interviews tend to be your best opportunity to showcase your soft skills because they let you demonstrate them while talking about them. Employers want a sense not only of how well you can articulate your value but also of how well you respond to questions and nonverbal cues. Do you seem engaged in the conversation, or are you just waiting for your turn to speak? A genuine connection with the interviewer is more likely to make a lasting impression than a well-rehearsed pitch. If you seem stuck on a prerecorded message -- a common interview pitfall -- you're unlikely to come across as someone who's able to identify and provide what your manager and co-workers need. Great soft skills aren't the exclusive domain of the naturally gregarious. In fact, some of the most effective teammates and motivators are soft-spoken individuals who lead mostly by example. Altering your personality in an attempt to seem more personable will only come across as insincere. A simple, confident greeting and handshake, followed by genuine attention to what the other person is saying, go a long way. Shifting your attention from your rock-solid achievements and accolades toward intangible skills can feel uncomfortable. But doing so gives you a chance to get an edge on the competition. By considering and articulating all the ways you can help employers, you make it easier for them to take the full measure of your value.

WHY FRIENDSHIP AND WHAT IS NEED OF FRIENDSHIP

Why we need friendships when we have a lovely life in this world.Why we need friends in our life. Well friends, this is a tedious question to answer. Lets see each questions. Friendships are the gift to the man kind. The relation which we get in this world are blood related. But the only relationships which doesn't related to blood is friendship. Friendship has many forms and shapes. It is like water. If we pour the water into a jug it takes the shape of jug. if you pour the same water into a bowl it takes the shape o bowl. Sameway friendships will take a different shapes and sizes according to our heart. Friendship gives pleasure to human beings. Where there is friendship then there will not be any sorrow. When you see a child laughing you will forget your sorrows for a second, someway when you are w The world is rotating smoothly because of the friendly hearts in the world. it crosses boundries and share a mutual bonding of love. Friendships will take care of this entire world from problems. If we are friends then our countries will, when our countries are friends then there is not need of weapons. So take weapon named friendship and love and conqure the world with love.Trusted true friendships never makes others down. it helps a lot to make friends to come up from the situation. Friendships never expect anything in return for all its offering. It saves life without looking into situation.sorrows.friends comes with friendships; they are the channel of love and affection. Friends are like child's heart which doesn't know wrong thinkings. When there is a friend with us we feel secure, happy, huge support, and comfortable which you can't get from others. So lets get some real friends in this world. and lets be Friends.

A HEALTHY FUTURE: PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND EXERCISES

In the past, before the development of modern technology, most people's daily routine involved considerable physical activity, including walking and various kinds of labor involving bodily movement and effort. It might seem that they should not have needed additional physical exercise for the sake of their health. Yet Rambam, writing over eight hundred years ago, stated definitively: "As long as a person exercises and exerts himself a lot. illness will not come upon him and his strength will increase." Even then, Rambam saw the need to emphasize the importance of physical activity to health - which means it's even more important today! Means of transport, sophisticated machines and electrical equipment that does our work for us at the push of a button have made our lives easier in amazing ways. But by saving us a considerable amount of physical effort, they have taken from us many natural opportunities to use and exercise our bodies. The problem is especially great among those whose daily "activity" is mostly sitting, including office workers, drivers and students in Yeshiva. Added to the problem is today's average daily diet, which is richer than in the past, especially in fats and sugars. Inadequate physical activity and unhealthy diet are at the root of many of the health problems and illnesses with which people today are afflicted. Today, it is more important than ever to set regular times in our daily schedule for some kind of health-promoting physical activity. The need is even greater for those of us whose day involves limited physical activity. Each one of us needs to find the right kind of activities that will help us to maintain and enhance our bodily fitness and reduce the risks of illness. In the wider world there is ever-growing awareness of the need for extra physical activity and a heavy investment in activities whose declared purpose is improving fitness, health-maintenance and prevention of illness. Yet in fact, the pursuit of these goals has turned into a culture of its own that puts the main emphasis on cultivation of the body and bodily appearance and its ability to derive the greatest enjoyment from life. This culture has spawned a complete industry of sports events, media coverage, advertising, fitness centers, equipment, factories, stores and so on, involving enormous sums of money. Sport and exercise become idolatry when their essential goal is development of the body and physical fitness for the sole sake of enjoy the material pleasures of life. For Jews who keep the Torah and the Mitzvos, the true purpose of engaging in the physical activities that promote health is to make the body a fit instrument for the service of God. Many people think that keeping fit requires hard exercises and sophisticated equipment. This is a mistake! Many simple activities can be equally if not more effective in promoting health than many popular kinds of exercise. For example a brisk 20-30 minute walk three or four times a week can provide the quota of physical activity necessary to maintain fitness better than a complicated exercise system. The Rambam in his well-known Hanhagas HaBri'us, "The Guide to Health",defines the kind of physical activity that is healthy in the following way: "Exercise is a form of activity involving bodily movements that may be strong or gentle or a combination of the two and which cause changes in the person's breathing, which becomes more rapid." The Rambam's definition corresponds to the "aerobic" exercise recommended by present-day specialists, a steady, non-stop activity that involves a certain degree of effort and leads to increased rates of blood circulation and breathing without putting strain on the heart and lungs. Brisk walking is one such activity, stimulating the blood circulation without putting a strain on the breathing. Other examples include running (even in place), dancing, swimming, etc. To achieve the desired results, the activity should be sustained for up to 40 minutes and no less than 15 minutes, and it should be carried out 3-4 times a week. Activity of this kind increases the body's ability to keep up physical activity and effort for sustained periods. Other kinds of physical movements that have an important role in keeping us fit and healthy are those that require various body parts to apply force against some kind of resistance, exercising the muscles and increasing their strength and endurance. While weight-lifting and exercise machines may be used for this kind of exercise, many everyday activities provide opportunities for the kind of movements that are beneficial to health, such as climbing stairs rather than using an elevator, carrying shopping, many kinds of house work and even kneading dough. Movements that involve stretching different parts of the body are also important in developing muscle and joint flexibility, giving increased freedom of movement and contributing to a relaxed bodily feeling. Such moveme also reduce the danger of muscle and joint injuries, including pulled muscles and sprains. Each person needs to find the kinds of exercises that are suit him or her personally. Exercise can help in many cases of neck, shoulder and back pain as well as other physical problems. It is worth raising the subject with your doctor. God gives most people the gift of physical fitness and flexibility in their childhood, but this precious gift is easily lost unless we ourselves take proper care of it. The best way to protect our health is by developing healthy habits from the earliest age, of which one of the most vital is regular exercise. The need for physical activity begins in childhood. Physical activity is essential to build strong bones and muscles, maintain muscle and joint flexibility and develop the endurance of the respiratory and blood circulation systems. The positive effects of healthy levels of physical activity in children are seen immediately, while the long-term benefits include general strength and flexibility, healthy blood pressure, healthy weight, overall good feeling, confidence and a willingness to get the best out of what God has granted us, physically and mentally. People often imagine children as being active and busy running, climbing, jumping and playing - but in fact, the picture is not accurate. Many children are not sufficiently physically active. Children who do not have sufficient opportunities to exercise their bodies become tired, lazy and indifferent. It is our duty to teach our children the importance of physical activity and to provide them with suitable opportunities. The need for physical activity by children on a regular basis starts at the age of about two. The activity should be in the form of "play". One of the best places for healthy play is on the play equipment in the public park. There is no need for the child to feel he is involved in "physical activity": he plays and enjoys himself. The most beneficial games are those that require greater physical effort than regular activities, such as those that involve running, jumping, climbing and so on. When it is not possible to play on play equipment, parents should use their imaginations in providing the children with healthy activities. For good results, the activity should continue for at least 15-30 minutes, several times a week. Children's play should be under supervision to avoid accidents. The need for physical activity continues and indeed increases as children grow older and enter puberty and adolescence. The need of girls for physical activity may be met with games like skipping rope and other children's games, movement and dance. Household tasks involving some kind of physical effort - from washing floors to kneading dough - also fulfil part of the need for physical exercise. In the case of boys and young men who spend much of their day sitting studying Torah, the need for additional physical activity is greater. Not only will this contribute to their health and fitness, it will also increase their alertness, concentration and ability to think. As the boys grow older, their hours of study are longer and their free time becomes increasingly limited. Parents must help them to take advantage of simple, everyday activities to give their bodies exercise. Encourage your children to go on foot instead of by bus etc. when this is possible, to climb the stairs instead of using the elevator, and so on. Help your children make it a habit to take a brisk walk for at least 15-20 minutes 3-4 times a week. Friends can go in pairs or groups at a pace that is sufficiently relaxed to allow for conversation without being too slow. Students can use the time spent walking mentally reviewing their studies, listening to a class on a walkman or thinking their thoughts. Consult with a doctor or fitness specialist about simple exercises for strength, flexibility and general fitness. Use vacation times for physical activities that time does not permit during the rest of the year. It would be desirable if more educational institutions would organize camps of the kind that combine swimming and holiday activities with study in a relaxed environment. Encourage the children to dance energetically on Simchas Torah and other joyous celebrations. Dancing is good for the body and the soul! Regular deep breathing helps supply the body with flesh oxygen and stimulates blood circulation. This refreshes and energizes the body, making us more alert and energetic, and at the same time more relaxed. Many people's breathing is too shallow, leading to a loss of energy and clarity, nervousness and lowered resistance to illness. Parents should learn the following simple breathing exercise and teach it to their children: breathe in steadily, letting the lungs swell with air until they are full to capacity. Hold the air in the lungs for a few seconds, then release it in a slow, complete exhalation. Ten slow, deep breaths before going to sleep, on rising in the morning, when feeling tired, at times of strain or on any other occasion provide immediate relaxation and stimulation.